Once upon a time, everything on radio was live.
Eventually, there was a need to put programs on when there was no staff. Timers and relays were used to switch audio and start tape machines.
Over the years, especially to fill the long overnight hours, complex automation systems were developed. Some stations were automated all day long. Some of them filled an entire room - or more.
Today, most stations use a computer to do scheduling and playout.
Automation Systems
Click on pictures for larger view.
More pictures are welcome - to show more about these key pieces of gear which made radio in the 60's-90's much more vibrant and exciting. Can you help? |
MacKenzie Louis G. MacKenzie built his "repeater" in 1955. Using endless loops of tape, he could have any number of audio cuts ready to be used as needed. |
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MacKenzie Repeater 500 - 1955 Rack mounted, they could be stacked in groups of five for as many audio cuts as needed. Very popular in Hollywood for television and film production. |
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MacKenzie Repeater APR-20 - |
MaCarTa and SMC / Sono Mag
Corp. Edison Moulic Moulic Specialites Co. founded MaCarTa, Sono Mag with his son, Bill. Sono Mag was for Sound on Magnetic Tape. |
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The original MaCarTa was made to be a "music machine" for businesses. | |
ESP-2 circa 1987 | |
DP-2 (Control section here) Courtesy: Bob Reis |
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248 - Carousel | |
250 - Carousel - These were OEM'd to Gates as well as being used by SMC | |
350 - Carousel - These were OEM'd to Gates as well as being used by SMC | |
Gates Radio Quincy, IL Gates got into studio automation in 1957 with the "Auto Station." |
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Auto Station - 1957 | |
Nite-Watch - 1960
This one used a pair of Seaburg 50s to provide the music! |
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G-824 Carousel - 1973 | |
Gates Carousel | |
Gates 55 | |
Critereon 855 - 1973 | |
International Good Music A major syndicator of music and then |
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IGM 770 KCBS-FM ... Used a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP8 minicomputer with iron-core memory |
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IGM Simplimation | |
IGM 500 | |
IGM 600 - 1970 | |
IGM Basic A an 8085 microcomputer and FSK logging. Originally designed by Sentry Systems and sold to IGM. WKBC, Stoney Owen |
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IGM MC a 286 PC communicating to switcher unit WKBC, Stoney Owen |
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InstaCart 48 slots! (48
heads and rollers to clean!!!)
Primarily used in automation systems, it was also employed by some stations with "aggressive formats." |
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GoCart -
Since "carousel" was copyrighted by SMC, IGM used "GoCart" |
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1K - 1977 - a concept product. Only one was built. It lived as aa automated telephone library system at the University of Wisconsin, Madison for about 10 years. Technology moved too fast - and this Z-80 based machine was obsolete almost as soon as it was designed. | |
750 - Playback deck 1975 | |
850 - Playback deck 1978 | |
Schafer
One of the more famous of all the automation
systems - the name became synonymous with automation. In 1956 Paul Schafer developed an automation system
using reel-to-reel machines, even for commercials - where the emulsion was
wiped clean and counted, so it could be set to the number selected by the
numbered knobs. (Of course, there are a lot of stories about machines
losing count and littering a studio with thousands of tiny pieces of tape.) |
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800T (pictured KTAR-FM) |
901 | |
903 | |
1200 | |
7000
KLCB, Libby, MT |
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AudioFile The Cetec/Schaefer cart
machine KLCB, Libby, MT |
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Continental
Electronics |
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ProLog |
Autogram Veteran Dallas engineer Ernie Ankele and his wife DeLores started Autogram to produce an automation system after Continental discontinued their Pro-Log Automation line. (It seems like Autogram = Automated Programming or some such variation.) |
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Autogram Automation
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Broadcast Electronics In 19xx, Broadcast Electronics was formed to manufacture the Spotmaster brand. Quite a few announcers who got their start in the 1960s remember the distinctive lever, used to engage the cartridge. |
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Control 16X | |
AudioVault | |
Harris |
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System 90 - 1976 | |
System 9000 - 1980 | |
Thanks to many others for sharing their pictures.